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Question

What is the hardy Schulze rule?


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Solution

Hardy Schulze rule

  • “The greater the valency of the flocculating ion added, the greater its power to cause precipitation. This is known as the Hardy-Schulze rule.”
  • For the coagulation of negative sol, the positive charge on ions must be high.
  • The flocculating power for the coagulation of a negative sol is in the following order:

Al3+>Ba2+>Na+

  • The charge on Al is higher as compared to Ba, and Na. So, the flocculating power for the coagulation of a negative sol is higher for Al3+.
  • The flocculating power for the coagulation of a positive sol is in the following order:
  • For the coagulation of positive sol, the negative charge on ions must be high.

[Fe(CN)6]4->PO43->SO42->Cl-


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