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Question

Which of the following has the maximum percentage of carbon in it?


A

Pig iron

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B

Cast iron

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C

Hard steel

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D

Wrought iron

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Solution

The correct option is A

Pig iron


Explanation for the correct option

(A) Pig iron

Alloys

  • Alloys are referred to as a blend of metals or metals combined with other elements.
  • Properties of metals can be enhanced by the addition of certain metals or elements.
  • Example: Zinc amalgam is an alloy of zinc 90% and mercury 10%.

Pig iron

  • Pig iron, the byproduct of smelting iron ore in a blast furnace, is used to make cast iron.
  • Along with some silica and dross constituents, pig iron contains a significantly larger proportion of carbon—around 3.8–4.7 percent.

Explanation for incorrect options

(B) Cast iron

  • Cast iron refers to a class of carbon alloys with more than 2% carbon content.
  • Cast iron mostly consists of silicon in the range of 1-3% and carbon in the range of 2.5-5%.

(C) Hard Steel

  • Steel is an iron alloy with small amounts of carbon added to increase its strength and resistance to fracture.
  • Steel is bendable and ductile because of its comparatively low carbon content around 0.05-0.30 percent.

(D) Wrought iron

  • The term "wrought iron" refers to an iron alloy with an extremely low carbon percentage, often less than 0.08 percent.
  • Since it was hammered and rolled and may emit molten slag when heated, wrought iron gets its name.

Therefore, the correct option is (A) Pig iron.


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