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Question

Which of the following is a non-stoichiometric defect?


A

Frenkel defect

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B

Schottky defect

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C

Interstitial defect

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D

Metal deficiency defect

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Solution

The correct option is D

Metal deficiency defect


Explanation for correct option:

D. Metal deficiency defect

Non-stoichiometric defect:

  • “A large number of nonstoichiometric inorganic solids are known which contain the constituent elements in non-stoichiometric ratio due to defects in their crystal structures.”
  • These defects are of two types:
  1. Metal excess defect
  2. Metal deficiency defect

Metal-deficiency defect:

  • It is a type of crystal defect in which, either a cation or an anion vacancy causes the defects
  • An example of metal-deficiency defect is FeO which is mostly found with a composition of Fe0.95O.
Write a short note on metal excess and metal deficient defect. - JEE  Chemistry Q&A

Stoichiometric defect:

“These are the point defects that do not disturb the stoichiometry of the solid. They are also called intrinsic defects.”

Explanation for incorrect options:

A. Frenkel defect:

  • “This defect is shown by ionic solids. The smaller ion (usually cation) is dislocated from its normal site to an interstitial site.”

B. Schottky defect:

  • “It is basically a vacancy defect in ionic solids. In order to maintain electrical neutrality, the number of missing cations and anions are equal.”

C. Interstitial defect:

  • “When some constituent particles (atoms or molecules) occupy an interstitial site, the crystal is said to have the interstitial defect.”

Hence, option D is the correct option i.e. Metal deficiency defect.


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