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Question

Which one of the following bases is insoluble in water?


A

NaOH

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B

KOH

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C

MgO

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D

NH3

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Solution

The correct option is C

MgO


Explanation for correct option

(C) MgO

Solubility of Ionic Compound

  • Ionic compounds dissolve readily in any liquid capable of dissolving their ionic connection.
  • Since water has a stronger ionic bond and is polar, it breaks the ionic bond through hydrogen bonding.
  • Many other solvents, like kerosene and petrol, are unable to break the ionic bond.

Solubility of MgO in water

  • There is a significant attraction between the ions Mg2+ and O2- in the molecule magnesium oxide MgO.
  • Magnesium and oxygen, which are both doubly charged, have a strong affinity.
  • MgO is insoluble in water because it takes a lot of energy to separate the ions.

Explanation for incorrect options

(A) NaOH

  • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is broken down into positively and negatively charged sodium (Na+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions.
  • It has high water solubility.

(B) KOH

  • Potassium hydroxide (KOH) dissociates completely into its component ions, potassium (K+) and hydroxide (OH-), in water.
  • To balance their charges, any of these ions is then completely solvated (i.e. surrounded by water molecules).
  • It is water soluble.

(D) NH3

  • Ammonia gas NH3 is extremely soluble in water.
  • The relatively high solubility is due to the hydrogen bonding that occurs between the ammonia and water molecules.

Therefore, the correct option is (C) MgO.


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