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Question

Why are alkynes more acidic than alkanes and alkenes?


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Solution

Alkynes

  • Alkynes are also unsaturated hydrocarbons.
  • They contain at least one triple bond between two carbon atoms.
  • Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain carbon-carbon multiple bonds – double bonds, triple bonds, or both.
  • Saturated hydrocarbons contain carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen single bonds.

Acidic nature of alkyne

  • The hybridization of carbon atom in alkyne is sp, alkene is sp2, and alkane is sp3.
  • The s character in alkyne is 50%.
  • sp carbon atoms are more electronegative than sp2 carbon atoms, which are in turn more electronegative than sp3 carbon atoms.
  • The more electronegative carbon atom attracts the shared pair of electrons more strongly.
  • So, the acidic nature of alkyne is more compared to alkane and alkene.

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