Product X $\to$ Y will be

$Ph - {CH}_{2} - Cl, Ph - {CH}_{2} - NC$
${PhCH}_{2} OH, Ph - {CH}_{2} - CN$
${PhCH}_{2} Cl, Ph - {CH}_{2} - CN$
$Ph - OH, Ph - {CH}_{2} - CN$

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Solution

The correct option is A
$Ph - {CH}_{2} - Cl, Ph - {CH}_{2} - NC$

The explanation for the correct option:
Option(A): $Ph - {CH}_{2} - Cl, Ph - {CH}_{2} - NC$
Formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid are the reagents, with benzene serving as the substrate. Benzene is chloromethylated in this process.
$HCHO$ and $HCl$ combine to form $+ {CH}_{2} Cl$ . It is electrophilic in nature.
The electrophile created in step one $+ {CH}_{2} Cl$ , will react with benzene in the second step to make benzyl chloride. This product is X.
After that, because $AgCN$ is covalent by nature, product X interacts with it to produce benzyl isocyanide.
Both Carbon and Nitrogen are able to donate electrons, but Nitrogen is primarily responsible for the attack since it is able to contribute an electron pair, which results in the major isocyanide product. Therefore, benzyl isocyanide is product Y.
In the presence of $HCl$ , formaldehyde and benzene combine to produce benzene methyl chloride. It is an electrophilic substitution process.
Therefore, X and Y are $Ph - {CH}_{2} - Cl, Ph - {CH}_{2} - NC$ . Option (A) is correct.

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