An organic acid with a carboxyl group connected to an group is known as a carboxylic acid.
A carboxylic acid's general formula is , where R denotes the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups.
Electron-withdrawing:
The initial pKa of the carboxylic acid functional group is significantly lower than that of Acetic acid because it is a potent electron-withdrawing group.
The second pKa is significantly greater than that of acetic acid because the carboxylate anion has a considerably less ability to remove electrons.
Because carboxylic acid is a better acid than alcohol, it produces a more stable ion because it lacks a proton.
When attached to a carbon atom, some atoms or groups are electron-withdrawing, in contrast to a hydrogen atom in the same place.
The group is deactivating, which means electrophilic replacements occur less frequently than for benzene itself, and meta-directing, which means the incoming individual will join the group in a meta location rather than an ortho position.