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Standard XII
Biology
Significance of Protein
Brief the pat...
Question
Brief the pathway involved when a particular protein is required.
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Solution
Protein synthesis:
Proteins are macromolecules that perform various functions in the body.
When a particular protein is required in the cell, the nucleotide sequence is copied from one strand of the DNA into mRNA.
This process is known as transcription.
Messenger RNA or mRNA contains nucleotide sequences that are arranged in codons that code for specific amino acids.
During translation, the codons present in the mRNA are translated into a polypeptide.
A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids that are bound together with peptide bonds. The polypeptide serves as a functional protein in the cell.
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Q.
Nuclear Factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer of Activated B Cells (NF-B) is a protein complex that is found in most animal cells, and it is an important transcription factor that regulates cellular responses to stimuli such as stress hormones, ultraviolet radiation, and pathogens.
The NF-B protein complex is composed of two protein subunits, RelA and p50, and it is inhibited when bound to the IB protein. The action of the NF-B signaling pathway is illustrated in the figure above.
Key:
NF-B protein complex = RelA + p50 proteins
IB
α
= inhibitory protein
IKK = IB kinase
P = phosphate group
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