Question

Where is ATP produced in glycolysis?

Answer 1

Glycolysis:

1. The method by which glucose is metabolized to create energy is known as glycolysis.
2. It generates water, Adenosine triphosphate $(\mathrm{ATP})$, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-Hydroge $\left(\mathrm{NADH}\right)$ , and two pyruvate molecules.
3. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of all cells.
4. It is a unique pathway that occurs in both aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions and does not involve molecular oxygen.

ATP production:

1. Glycolysis produces $4\mathrm{ATP}$ in the cytosol by substrate level of phosphorylation.
2. $2$ molecules of $\mathrm{ATP}$ are produced during the conversion of $1,3-\mathrm{bisphosphoglycerate}\left(\mathrm{BPG}\right)$ to $3-\mathrm{phosphoglycerate}\left(3\mathrm{PG}\right)$ by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase.
3. $2$ molecules of $\mathrm{ATP}$ are produced during the conversion of $\mathrm{Phosphoenolpyruvate}$to $\mathrm{Pyruvate}$by the enzyme pyruvate kinase.
4. Out of the $4$molecules of $\mathrm{ATP}$ produced$2$ molecules of$\mathrm{ATP}$ are invested during glycolysis.
5. $1$molecule of $\mathrm{ATP}$ is utilized during the conversion of $\mathrm{Glucose}$ to $\mathrm{Glucose}-6-\mathrm{phosphate}$ by the enzyme Hexokinase.
6. $1$molecule of$\mathrm{ATP}$ is utilized during the conversion of$\mathrm{Fructose}-6-\mathrm{phosphate}$ to $\mathrm{Fructose}-1,6-\mathrm{bisphosphat}$e by the enzyme phosphofructokinase.
7. $2$ molecules of $\mathrm{NADH}$ are also produced during the conversion of $\mathrm{Glyceraldehyde}-3-\mathrm{phosphate}$ to $1,3-\mathrm{bisphosphoglycerate}$ by Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme.
8. In the presence of oxygen, $\mathrm{NADH}$ reoxidize to yield$\mathrm{ATP}$ in the inner mitochondrial membrane.