Embryology and Fossils

Q.

When organs have similar functions, but different structure and origin, they are called

1. Analogous organs

2. Homologous organs

3. Vestigial organs

4. None of these

Q. The study of fossils is called ______.

1. paleontology
2. ornithology
3. opthamology
4. genetics

Q.

Eyes of octopus and mammals is an example of convergent or divergent evolution?

Q.

Justify that the birds are closely related to reptiles.

Q.

Which among them is not an evidence that indicates evolution from a common ancestor?

1. Homologous organs

2. Fossils

3. Analogous organs

4. DNA sequence studies

Q.

What is the name given to future man? Name the scientist who suggests this name.

Q.

Who among Dryopitbecus and Ramapithecus is more man-like.

Q. Presence of gills in a tadpole indicates that:

1. Fishes evolved from frog like ancestors.
2. Frogs will have gills in future.
3. Frogs evolved from gilled ancestors.
4. Fishes were amphibious in the past.

Q. _____ are known as the amphibians of the plant kingdom.

1. Bryophytes
2. Pteridophytes
3. Gymnosperms
4. Thallophytes

Q.

Why are bryophytes called amphibious plants in plant kingdom?

Q. Identify the examples of homologous structures from the following.
(i) Vertebrate hearts
(ii) Thorns in Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita
(iii) Food storage organs in sweet potato and potato

Q. Eye of Octopus and eye of cat show different patterns of structure. Yet they perform similar function. This is an example of

1. Analogous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution
2. Homologous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution
3. Analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution
4. Homologous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution

Q.

What evidence do Paleobotanists look for?

Q. Given alongside are two figures (A and B) showing a phenomenon that was first observed in Manchester before and after the year 1850.

(c) Briefly mention why the changes shown in the two figures appeared.

Q. Study the different conclusions drawn by students of a class on the basis of observations of preserved/available specimens of plants and animals.
I. Potato and sweet potato are analogous organs in plants.
II. Wings of insects and wings of birds are homologous organs in animals.
III. Wings of insects and wings of bats are analogous organs in animals.
IV. Thorns of citrus and tendrils of Cucurbita are analogous organs in plants.
The correct conclusions are

1. I and II
2. II and IV
3. I and III
4. III and IV

Q. Giving examples of homologous and analogous organs explain what they tell us about the process of evolution.

Q. Differentiate between homology and analogy. Give one example of each.

Q. Distinguish between analogous organs and homologous organs.

Q. Define-Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Q.

By studying the ratio of different isotopes of same element in a material we can know the age of

1. Living animals

2. Fossil

3. Living plants

4. Both (a) and (b)

Q. Fossils are the precious evidences preserved by the nature to help us knowing about ancient life forms. Write the information you collected about fossils.

Q. Example of homologous structures is/are

1. Heart of vertebrates
2. Optic lobes of brain
3. All of the above
4. Cerebrum of brain

Q. What are homologous and analogues organs? Write their examples.

Q. Explain how homologous organs form an evidence for evolution with an example.

Q.

Give one word/technical term for the following:

Study of fossils. ___________

Q. Which of the following are pairs of analogous organs?
I. Forelimbs of horse-Wings of bat

1. I and II
2. II and IV
3. III and IV
4. II and III

Q.

What are homologous organs? Give two examples,

Q. Which ones of the following are analogous structures?

1. Gills of Prawn and lungs of Man
2. Flippers of Dolphin and logs of Horse
3. Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita
4. Wings of Bat and wings of Pigeon

Q. Choose the correct statements with reference to organic evolution
(a) Flippers of Whale and wings of bat exhibit analogy
(b) Wings of Butterfly and wings of Bird exhibit homology
(c) Organs with dissimilar structure are called analogous organs
(d) Organs with similar structure and origin are called homologous organs

1. a and c
2. b and d
3. a and b
4. c and d

Q. Forelimbs of humans and wings of birds are

1. Analogous organs
2. Homologous organs
3. Parallel organs
4. Vestigial organs