Molecular Phylogeny

Q.

What is a phylogenetic relationship?

Q.

What is paleontological evidence?

Q.

What does heterologous mean?

Q.

The transgenic animals are those that have________.

1. both (A) and (C)

2. foreign DNA in some of its cells

3. foreign DNA in all its cells

4. foreign RNA in all its cells

Q.

What are the four bases found in DNA?

Q.

How many nucleotides are in the human genome?

Q.

The diagram below shows undisturbed sedimentary strata at the bottom of an ocean. The fossils found in layer B resemble the fossils found in layer A. This similarity suggests that

1. the fossils in layer B were formed before the fossils in layer A

2. vertebrate fossils are only found in sediments

3. the fossils in layer A must be more complex than those in layer B

4. modern forms of life may have evolved from earlier forms of life

Q. Statement 1: Fossils can help in tracing the evolutionary history of the organism.

Statement 2: The timescale in which the organism existed can be determined by studying fossils.

Statement 3: All fossils represent extinct species.

1. Statement 1 and 2 are correct.
2. Statement 2 and 3 are correct.
3. Statement 1 and 3 are correct.
4. All the statements are correct.

Q.

Which of the following methods were used to study human evolution ?

1. Excavating and time dating

2. Fossil study

3. DNA analysis

4. All of the above

Q. Some dinosaurs had feathers although they could not fly. Birds have feathers that help them to fly. Identify the correct statement based on this information.

Statement 1: Reptiles have evolved from birds

Statement 2: There is no evolutionary connection between reptiles and birds.

Statement 3: Birds have evolved from reptiles

1. Only statement 1 is correct.
2. Only statement 2 is correct.
3. Only statement 3 is correct.
4. All the statements are correct.

Q.

Evolution has exhibited greater stability of the molecular structure when compared with morphological structures. Comment on the statement and justify your opinion.

Q.

Give an example of characteristics being used to determine how close two species are, in terms of evolution.

Q.

Give the biological term for the repeating components of each DNA strand lengthwise.

Q. Differentiate between phylogeny and progeny.

Q.

Phylogeny is an evolutionary history of an animal starting from ancesters to the present form.

1. True

2. False

Q. What are fossils? Giving one example, explain how fossils provide evidence for evolution.

Q. What is the molecular phylogeny and ontogeny ?

Q.

Explain the importance of fossils in deciding evolutionary relationships. [3 MARKS]

Q.

The study of fossils is helpful to know:

1. Environment of earth

2. Hierarchical relationships

3. Evolutionary relationships

4. Biodiversity in an ecosystem

Q. Molecular phylogeny is based on the idea that-

1. Organisms which are most distantly related will accumulate greater number of differences in their DNA
2. Organisms which are most distantly related will accumulate lesser number of differences in their DNA
3. Estimating the ratios of different isotopes of the same element in the fossil material, helps in detecting age of fossil
4. Shaping of diversity by slow and continuous process

Q. Which of the following trait can be aquired but not inherited ?

1. Dimples
2. Body weight
3. Eye colour
4. Widow's peak

Q. Some dinosaurs had feathers although they could not fly. Birds have feathers that help them to fly. Identify the correct statement based on this information.

Statement 1: Reptiles have evolved from birds

Statement 2: There is no evolutionary connection between reptiles and birds.

Statement 3: Birds have evolved from reptiles

1. Only statement 2 is correct.
2. All the statements are correct.
3. Only statement 1 is correct.
4. Only statement 3 is correct.

Q.

Explain the importance of fossils in deciding evolutionary relationships.

Q. Which among the following is/are fossil?

1. Impressions on rock beds
2. Preserved traces of living organisms
3. Footprints
4. All of the above.

Q. Fossils help us understand the process of evolution.

1. True
2. False

Q. The technique of establishing evolutionary relationships based on changes accumulated in the DNA is known as _______ .

1. DNA analysis
2. fossil analysis
3. molecular phylogeny
4. genetics

Q. Some dinosaurs had feathers although they could not fly. Birds have feathers that help them to fly. Identify the correct statement based on this information.

Statement 1: Reptiles have evolved from birds

Statement 2: There is no evolutionary connection between reptiles and birds.

Statement 3: Birds have evolved from reptiles

1. Only statement 2 is correct.
2. All the statements are correct.
3. Only statement 1 is correct.
4. Only statement 3 is correct.

Q. Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Which of the following is not an important element of Darwin's theory of evolution?

1. Inheritance of acquired traits
2. All organisms arose from a common ancestor
3. Presence of variation within a population of individuals
4. Natural selection

Q. Question 28
Mention three important features of fossils which help in the study of evolution.

Q.

Phylogeny is an evolutionary history of an animal starting from ancesters to the present form.

1. True

2. False