Physiology of Digestion

Q.

Explain the human digestive system.

Q. What are the functions of gastric glands present in the wall of the stomach?

Q. Explain the role of mouth in the digestion of food.

1. Food is crushed into small pieces by the teeth.
2. The food is then mixed with saliva and the enzyme amylase (found in saliva) breaks down starch into sugars.
3. The tongue helps in thorough mixing of food with saliva.
4. Food goes directly through the oesophegus to the stomach, there is no breakdown of food in mouth .

Q.

The main functions of the small intestine are:

Q. What substances are contained in pancreatic juice? What are their functions?

Q. Name the enzyme present in human saliva. What type of food material is digested by this enzyme ?

Q.

When a person puts food in his mouth, then teeth cut it into small pieces, chew and grind it. The glands A in the mouth secrete a substance B which is mixed with the food by the tongue. The substance B contains an enzyme C which starts the digestion of food in the mouth. The slightly digested food from the mouth goes down a tube D. The special type of movements E in the walls of tube D pushes the food into the stomach for further digestion. The stomach wall secretes gastric juice containing three substance F, G and H. One of the functions of F is to kill bacteria which may enter the stomach with food. The substance G protects the inside layer of the stomach from the damaging effect of substance F whereas substance H is an enzyme for digestion. The partially digested food then enters into the small intestine for further digestion.
(a) What is (i) gland A (ii) substance B, and (iii) enzyme C?
(b) Name the tube D.
(c) What is the movement E known as?
(d) What are (i) F (ii) G, and (iii) H?

Q. The chyme is ___ when it enters the duodenum and later turns____ in nature.

1. acidic, neutral
2. alkaline, acidic
3. basic, alkaline
4. acidic, alkaline

Q.

What is the meaning of human physiology?

Q.

What is the main function of physiology in the human body?

Q.

What is the function of saliva?

Q. In the process of digestion, the enzymes at location 'X' and location 'Y' are such that 'X' converts proteins into protease and 'Y' converts peptones into peptides. Identify X and Y.

1. Chymotrypsin and pepsin
2. Pepsin and trypsin
3. Ptyalin and pepsin
4. trypsin and dipeptidase

Q.

The process of digestion of food begins when the food is in the mouth.

1. True

2. False

Q.

What is the role of saliva in digestion?

Q.

Question 63
Explain the role of mouth in the digestion of food.

Q. The sensory nerve of the nose is called Olfactory nerves.

1. False
2. True

Q. In which part of the digestive system is water absorbed?

Q. The end product of nucleic acid digestion are absorbed by which process& what is the source of nucleic acid

Q.

What are lipids in the human body?

Q.

Question 64
What are the functions of gastric glands present in the wall of the stomach?

Q. Name the following :​
​
(vi) The part of the alimentary canal where water from the undigested food is absorbed.

Q.

What does physiology mean?

Q. Name the following :​

(iv) The enzyme which digests fat in the ileum.

Q. Arrange the sequence of events that takes place after we ingest food.

1. Digestion$\to$Assimilation$\to$Absorption​​​​​​​$\to$​​​​​​​Egestion
2. Digestion$\to$Absorption$\to$Assimilation$\to$Egestion
3. Egestion​​​​​​​$\to$Absorption$\to$Assimilation$\to$Digestion
4. Digestion$\to$Absorption$\to$Egestion​​​​​​​$\to$Assimilation

Q. Bile salts help in ________ of fats.

1. alkalination
2. emulsification
3. mastication
4. absorption

Q. The first step involved in the digestion of food is ____ .

1. egestion
2. assimilation
3. absorption
4. ingestion

Q.

How do you understand human physiology?

Q. These are sensitive to odour molecules and help your brain recognise smells:

1. Nose hair
2. Receptors
3. Nasal passages
4. Nostrils

Q. Saliva breaks down into .

1. starch
2. proteins
3. amino acids
4. sugars
5. fats

Q. In the process of digestion, the enzymes at location 'X' and location 'Y' are such that 'X' converts proteins into protease and 'Y' converts peptones into peptides. Identify X and Y.

1. Ptyalin and pepsin
2. Chymotrypsin and pepsin
3. trypsin and dipeptidase
4. Pepsin and trypsin