Artificial Hybridisation

Q.

What is Emasculation?

Q. Assertion: In plants, apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction.
Reason: Apomixis involves the production of seeds without the fusion of gametes.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
3. Assertion is true but reason is false
4. Both assertion and reason are false

Q. Morgan hybridised Drosophila white eyed and yellow bodied female with red eyed and brown bodied male (wild type) and intercrossed their F1 progeny. He observed that the two genes :

Q.

What is bagging?

Q.

What is a bagging technique and how is it useful?

Q. (a) Name the organic material which makes up exine of the pollen grain. How is this material advantageous to pollen grain?

(b) Still it is observed that it does not form a continuous layer around the pollen grain. Give reason.

(c) How are 'pollen banks' useful? [3]

Q. What is the purpose of bagging in case of artificial hybridisation?

1. To allow the pollen of the same flower to land on the stigma
2. None of the above
3. To prevent contamination of stigma with unwanted pollen
4. To speeden up the maturation of the flower

Q. Processes of nitrification and nitrate assimilation are

1. oxidation & reduction respectively
2. reduction & oxidation respectively
3. both oxidation reactions
4. both reduction reactions

Q. In Mirabilis jalapa, a red-flowered plant was crossed with a white-flowered plant, which resulted in all pink-flowered plants.

What are the chances of the appearance of red-flowered plants in a cross between pink-flowered and white-flowered plants?

1. 25%
2. 50%
3. 75%
4. 0%

Q. Phycoerythrin is the major pigment in:

1. Red algae
2. Blue green algae
3. Green algae
4. Brown algae

Q. The inner wall of pollen grain is called ____A_____ and it is made up of ____B___.

1. A - intine, B - cellulose and pectin
2. A - exine, B - sporopollenin
3. A - intine, B - pectin
4. A - exine, B - cellulose

Q. For artificial hybridisation experiment in bisexual flower, which of the following sequence is correct?

1. Emasculation --> Bagging --> Cross-pollination --> Rebagging
2. Cross-pollination --> Bagging --> Emasculation --> Rebagging
3. Self-pollination --> Bagging --> Emasculation --> Rebagging
4. Bagging --> Emasculation --> Cross-pollination --> Rebagging

Q. Apomictic seeds develop in certain plants due to:

1. endoreplication.
2. penetration of nucellar cells into the embryo sac.
3. formation of diploid egg cell without reduction division.
4. all of the above.

Q.

How is artificial pollination useful to plant breeders?

Q. In somatic hybridization, protoplasts of two different cells are fused by using ___________.

1. Calcium chloride
2. Hydrogen chloride
3. Sodium bicarbonate
4. Polythylene glycol

Q. A tall plant was grown in nutrient deficient soil and remained dwarf. When it is crossed with dwarf plant then

1. all hybrids are dwarf
2. all hybrid plants are tall
3. 75% tall and 25% dwarf
4. 25% tall and 75% dwarf

Q.

Name the hormones secreted by the gastrointestinal wall.

Q. Match the following algae to their respective shapes of chloroplast.

1. Cup-shaped
2. Girdle-shaped
3. Spiral-shaped
4. Reticulate

Q. Reason(s) for development of apomictic seeds can be :
I. Endoreplication
II. Penetration of nucellar cells into the embryo sac
III. Formation of diploid egg cell without reduction division
IV. Fusion of gametes

1. IV only
2. I and II only
3. I, II and III only
4. II and III only

Q. (a) How would you ensure cross pollination in a hermaphrodite flower? List the steps.
(b) What are the different types of cross-pollination? [5]

Q.

Identify whether the given statements are true/false.

Blood fails to clot readily in the case of deficiency of calcium.

1. True
2. False

Q. Mendel selected Pisum sativum for hybridisation experiments because of:

1. Clear contrasting characters and short life span
2. Long life span and non-fertile hybrids
3. Presence of unisexual flowers
4. Infertile hybrids and production of large number of seeds by each plant

Q.

Is self (fertilization) pollination possible in date palm? Give reasons

Q.

Differentiate between hybridization and tissue culture.

Q.

Does anther absorb or loose water during dehiscence of anther?

Q.

Back cross is a cross between

1. F1 x F1

2. F1 x Recessive

3. F1 x Dominant

4. F1 x Any Parent

Q. The plant soyabean belongs to family

1. fabaceae
2. poaceae
3. solanaceae
4. asteraceae

Q. What is the purpose of bagging in case of artificial hybridisation?

1. To allow the pollen of the same flower to land on the stigma
2. To prevent contamination of stigma with unwanted pollen
3. To speeden up the maturation of the flower
4. None of the above

Q.

Describe various steps of Artificial pollination.

Q. What is the significance of apomixis?

1. It induces variations in the progeny
2. It preserves the characteristics of hybrids in future generations
3. It is one of the most expensive methods to produce seeds.
4. It occurs independent of fertilisation in all plants.