Callus Formation

Q. How do some marine invertebrates and fish live under such high pressures and do they have any special enzymes?

Q.

What is redifferentiation in plant tissue culture?

Q. In embryogenesis process, cell division increase the number of cells while cell differentiation help in

1. Formation of new features
2. Modification of existing characters
3. Increase in size
4. Formation of specialised tissue and organs

Q.

Which of the following has an antrum?

1. Primordial follicle

2. Tertiary Follicle

3. Secondary follicle

4. Primary follicle

Q. Explain the different types of twins in detail.

Q. In plant tissue culture, the callus tissue can be regenerated into complete plantlets primarily by altering the concentration of

1. Vitamins
2. Sugars
3. Amino acids
4. Hormones

Q.

Tissue culture is a form of artificial sexual reproduction in plants.

1. True
2. False

Q.

Account for the following briefly:

Twins may or may not be identical.

Q. Which of the following shows the correct chronological order of the events that accur during callus culture

1. Callus – Cell Division – Explant – Addition of cytokinin – cells acquire meristematic property
2. Explant – Callus – Cell Division – Addition of cytokinin - cells acquire meristematic property
3. Explant – cell Division – callus – addition of cytokinin – cells acquire meristematic property
4. Callus – explant – cell division – addition of cytokinin – cells acquire meristematic property

Q. Read the following statements and find out the incorrect statement.
a. In plants, growth and differentiation both are open, i.e., it is indeterminate.

b. The final structure at maturity of a cell or tissue is also determined by the location of the cell within.

c. Cell positioned away from root apical meristems mature as epidermis, while those pushed to the periphery differentiate as root cap cells.

d. Environmental signals such as light, temperature and gravity also affect certain phases or stages of growth.

e. Intrinsic factors include both intercellular (genetic) or intracellular factors (chemicals such as plant growth regulators) while the extrinsic factors include light, temperature, water, oxygen, nutrition etc.

1. c and e
2. c and a
3. a and e
4. b and d

Q.

Explant develops into callus followed by-

1. Sterile Conditions

2. Growth supporting medium

3. Hormone supplementation

4. All of the above

Q.

Give the term used for unorganised mass of cells.

Q. Callus is a

1. plant hormone
2. mass of undifferentiated cells
3. root formation in culture
4. plant by-product

Q. Callus is

1. Tissue that forms embryo
2. An insoluble carbohydrate
3. Tissue that grows to form embryoid
4. Unorganised actively dividing mass of cells formed in culture

Q.

A sexual reproducing organism can never produce an offspring with its own exact set of genetic material. Justify the statement.

Q. What is a callus in plant tissue culture?

1. None of the above
2. Mass of parenchyma cells
3. Mass of chollenchyma cells
4. Mass of smooth cells

Q. Assertion: Twins may arise from a single egg or from two eggs.
Reason: One egg gives rise to identical twins by separation of blastomeres and two eggs produce non-identical twins

1. Assertion is true but the reason is false.
   
2. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
   
3. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.
   

Q.

Name the following:
Non-identical twins produced by the fertilization of two eggs.

Q. Callus is a

1. plant hormone
2. mass of undifferentiated cells
3. root formation in culture
4. plant by-product

Q. What is a callus in a plant tissue culture?

Q. Banana explant → Tissue culture → 2000 banana plant
a) Define this process.
b) What is the characteristic of the cell due to which it is used for tissue culture?
c) Will all 2000 banana plants be exactly the same? Give reasons. [1+1+1]

Q. Assertion : Cytokinin are antisenescent.
Reason : Effects of cytokinins is antagonistic to ethylene.

1. If both the assertion and reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
3. If the assertion is true but the reaon is false
4. If both the assertion and reason are false
5. If the assertion is false but reason is true

Q. Cancer cells have lost the property of contact inhibition.
Why_____?

Q. A plant tissue when stained showed the presence of hemicellulose and pectin on cells wall in the corner of the cells. The tissue is called

1. Meristem
2. Collenchyma
3. Sclerenchyma
4. Xylem

Q. Pollen grains of plant whose 2n=28 are cultured to get callus by tissue culture method. What would be the number of chromosomes in the cells of the callus?

1. 28
2. 21
3. 14
4. 56

Q. Which of the following statements are correct?
a. Callus is the disorganised mass of cells formed under in vitro condition.
b. Totipotency is the ability of a plant organ to regenerate an entire organism when cultured in a suitable medium.
c. Embryoid is the embryo-like structure formed under in vitro condition which has the potentiality to develop into a plantlet.
d. Explant is the excised portion of plant tissue or organ which is used in tissue culture study.
Select the correct answer using the codes given Codes.

1. $1,2$ and $4$
2. $1,3$ and $4$
3. $1,2$ and $3$
4. $2,3$ and $4$

Q. In some tissue culture medium, coconut milk is used because it is rich in

1. Sucrose
2. Vitamins
3. Cytokinins
4. Minerals

Q. Callus was grown successfully for the first time by

1. White
2. Nobecourt
3. Gautheret
4. All of the above

Q. Rapidly dividing unorganised mass of cells in tissue culture is

1. Callose.
2. Callus.
3. Embryoid.
4. Plantlet.

Q. Callus culture is useful for purposes like

1. It helps in the production of secondary plant products.
2. It is useful for the synthesis of starting compounds that are subsequently modified to yield the desired product.
3. It is the starting materials for vegetative propagation of plants.
4. All of the above