Molecular Diagnosis

Q. Arrange the various steps of DNA fingerprinting technique in the correct order.
(i) Separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis.
(ii) Digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases.
(iii) Hybridization using labelled VNTR probe.
(iv) Isolation of DNA.
(v) Detection of hybridized DNA fragments by auto radiography.
(vi) Transferring the separated DNA fragments to nitrocellulose membrane.

1. $\left(iv\right)\to \left(ii\right)\to \left(i\right)\to \left(vi\right)\to \left(iii\right)\to \left(v\right)$
2. $\left(iv\right)\to \left(i\right)\to \left(ii\right)\to \left(iii\right)\to \left(vi\right)\to \left(v\right)$
3. $\left(ii\right)\to \left(i\right)\to \left(iv\right)\to \left(vi\right)\to \left(iii\right)\to \left(v\right)$
4. $\left(iii\right)\to \left(v\right)\to \left(iv\right)\to \left(ii\right)\to \left(i\right)\to \left(vi\right)$

Q. Which is the basis of genetic mapping of the human genome as well as DNA fingerprinting?

1. Polymorphism in DNA sequence
2. Single nucleotide polymorphism
3. Polymorphism in hnRNA sequence
4. Polymorphism in RNA sequence

Q. Match the following techniques or instruments with their usage:

(a)	Bioreactor	(i)	Separation of DNA fragments
(b)	Electrophoresis	(ii)	Production of large quantities of products
(c)	PCR	(iii)	Detection of pathogen, based on antigen - antibody
(d)	ELISA	(iv)	Amplification of nucleic acids

Select the correct option from following:

1. (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
2. (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)
3. (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
4. (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)

Q. The separated bands of DNA are cut out from the agarose gel and extracted from the gel piece. This step is called

1. electrophoresis
2. resolution
3. elution
4. spooling

Q. Alternate selectable markers have ability to differentiate recombinants from non-recombinants due to the

1. inactivation of the enzyme β-galactosidase
2. both B and C
3. inactivation of the recombinants DNA
4. insertional inactivation

Q.

DNA fingerprinting refers to

1. molecular analysis of profiles of DNA samples

2. analysis of DNA samples using imprinting device

3. techniques used for molecular analysis of different specimens of DNA

4. techniques used for identification of fingerprints of individuals

Q. Which of these can be called as Molecular diagnosis method(s)

1. PCR
2. ELISA
3. Angiogram
4. DNA Microarray

Q. Match the entries in column I with those of column II and choose the correct answer.
$\begin{array}{cc}ColumnI& ColumnII\\ A)Alkalitreatment& M)separationofDNAfragmentsongelslab\\ B)Southernblotting& N)splitDNAfragmentsintosinglestrands\\ C)Electrophoresis& O)DNAtransferredtonitrocellulosesheet\\ D)PCR& P)X-rayphotography\\ E)Autoradiography& Q)producefragmentsofdifferentsizes\\ F)DNAtreatedwithREN& R)DNAamplification\end{array}$

1. A - P, B - R, C - M, D -O, E - N, F - Q
2. A - N, B- Q, C- P, D- R, E- M, F - O
3. A - N, B - O, C - M, D - R, E - P, F - Q
4. A - Q, B - O, C - M, D - R, E - P, F - N

Q. The technique of DNA fingerprinting was initially developed by

1. Hargobind khorana
2. Ian Wilmut
3. Jacque Monad
4. Alec Jeffreys
5. Francois Jacob

Q.

Choose the correct option:

An analysis of chromosomal DNA using the Southern hybridization technique does not use?

1. Blotting

2. Autoradiography

3. Electrophoresis

4. PCR

Q.

What is the difference between DNA fingerprinting and Gel electrophoresis?

Q. Pathology deals with

1. treatment of diseases with drugs or chemicals
2. the diagnosis of the diseases by analysing the chemistry of the body fluid of the affected organisms.
3. functions of the body systems of animals and plant life, covering vital activities at cellular, tissue and organ level
4. study of structural organization of living beings at tissue level

Q. A very small sample of tissue or a drop of blood can help determine paternity. Provide a scientific explanation to substantiate the statement. [3]

Q.

Blood stains are found at the site of the murder. If DNA profiling technique is to be used for identifying the criminal which of the following is ideal for use?

1. serum

2. erythrocytes

3. leucocytes

4. platelets

Q. Which one of these statement about the applications of gene cloning is false?

1. Large amounts recombinant protein can be produced by gene cloning
2. $\text{DNA}$ fingerprinting is used to detect proteins bound to $\text{DNA}$
3. Cloned genes can be used to detect carrier of disease-causing genes
4. Gene therapy attempts to correct a disorder by delivering a good copy of a gene to a patient

Q. The technique of DNA fingerprinting involves
(A) Digestion of DNA by restriction enzymes
(B) Isolation of DNA
(C) Hybridisation
(D) Blotting
(E) Separation by electrophoresis
(F) autoradiography

Choose the correct order of the steps

Q.

When did DNA testing begin?

Q. Answer the following question based on Hershey and Chase's experiments.
State the conclusion drawn by them after the experiments.

Q. DNA fingerprinting technique was developed by

1. Edwards and Steptoe
2. Schleiden and Schwann
3. Jeffreys et al
4. Boysen and Jensen

Q. DNA fingerprinting refers to:

1. Techniques used for identification of fingerprints of individuals
2. Molecular analysis of profiles of DNA samples
3. Analysis of DNA samples using imprinting devices
4. Techniques used for molecular probe analysis

Q. A mixture containing DNA fragments, A, B, C and D, with molecular weights of $A+B=C,A>B$ and $D>C$, was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. The positions of these fragments from cathode to anoe sides of the gel would be

1. $D,C,A,B$
2. $A,B,C,D$
3. $B,A,D,C$
4. $C,B,A,D$

Q. First husband of Asha had blood group A and their child blood group O. She remarried. Second husband had blood group B and their child blood group AB. Asha's genotype and blood group is ___________.

1. ii, O
2. $I^{B}i,B$
3. $I^B{I}^B,AB$
4. $I^{A}i,A$.

Q. Which of these is true about Molecular Diagnosis

1. These diagnostic methods have exisited for over a century
2. The procedures take a painstakingly long time
3. It helps in early detection of disease
4. All of the above

Q. Western blotting is the technique for the detection of specific ______ in the sample.

1. protein
2. RNA
3. DNA
4. glycolipid

Q. Which of the following processes was discovered by Lederberg and Tatum$\left(1946\right)$?

1. Transduction
2. Transformation
3. Conjugation
4. Asexual reproduction

Q.

Blood stains are found at the site of the murder. If DNA profiling technique is to be used for identifying the criminal which of the following is ideal for use?

1. serum

2. erythrocytes

3. leucocytes

4. platelets

Q. Western blotting is the technique for the detection of specific ______ in the sample.

1. protein
2. RNA
3. DNA
4. glycolipid

Q. How did the Hershey and Chase experiment prove that DNA, not protein, functioned in controlling genetic inheritance?

1. By tagging the DNA of the infecting bacteriophage with radioactive sulfur, the infected bacterial cell became radioactive as DNA entered and took over control.
2. The protein coat of the bacteriophage was tagged with both radioactive phosphorus and sulfur and would go undetected within the infected bacterial cell since only the DNA molecule enters.
3. Radioactive carbon was used to tag both DNA and the protein coat of the infecting bacteriophage which would be detected within the infected bacterial cell as both molecules enter.
4. Phosphate was used to tag DNA because DNA contains phosphorus within its structure (specifically the backbone), while proteins do not, and would make the bacterial cell radioactive as DNA entered and took over control.

Q.

why there is a difference in individuals dna fingerprint

Q. Which of these is true about Molecular Diagnosis

1. These diagnostic methods have exisited for over a century
2. The procedures take a painstakingly long time
3. All of the above
4. It helps in early detection of disease