Morphological and Anatomical Evidences

Q.

Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita are example of?

1. Vestigial organ

2. Homologous organ

3. Analogous organ

4. Retrogressive organ

Q. Which of the following structures is homologus to the wing of a bird?

1. Dorsal fin of a shark
2. Wing of a moth
3. Hind limb of rabbit
4. Flipper of whale

Q. Forelimbs of whale, bat, cheetah and human are example of:

1. Analogous organ
2. Homologous organs
3. Homoplastic organ
4. Vestigial organ

Q. Hugo de Vries theory of mutation:

1. 
   Does not rule out natural selection theory
2. 
   Opposed natural selection theory
3. 
   Contradicted Lamarck’s theory
4. 
   Opposed germplasm theory

Q. The wings of a bird and the wings of an insect are :

1. Homologous structures and represent convergent evolution
2. Homologous structures and represent divergent evolution
3. Analogous structures and represent convergent evolution
4. Phylogenetic structures and represent divergent evolution

Q. Which one of the following is an analogous structure?

1. Wings of Bat and Wings of Pigeon
2. Flippers of Dolphin and legs of Horse.
3. Gills of Prawn and Lungs of Man
4. Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita

Q. An important evidence in favor of organic evolution is the occurrence of

1. Homologous and analogous organs
2. Homologous organs only
3. Analogous and vestigial organs
4. Homologous and vestigial organs

Q.

Give examples of homologous organs in plants?

Q. Anteater is a placental mammal that resembles _______ of Australian marsupials.

1. bobcat
2. numbat
3. spotted cuscus
4. flying phalange

Q. Which of the following is a vestigial organ?

1. Molar tooth
2. Large intestine
3. Vermiform appendix
4. All of these

Q. Cockroach moves on the rough surface by_______.

1. Arolium
2. Pulvillus
3. Tibia
4. Plantulae

Q. Homologous organs are those that show similarity in

1. Appearance
2. Function
3. Origin
4. Size

Q. Which of the following is a pair of homologous organs?

1. Lungs of rabbit and gills of rohu
2. Wings of bat and wings of butterfly.
3. Pectoral fin of rohu and forelimb of horse
4. Wings of grasshopper and wings of crow

Q. Which of the following are homologous organs?

1. Wings of bat and locust
2. Wings of bat and bird
3. Hind legs of cockroach and hind legs of frog
4. Pectoral fins of fish and wings of bird

Q.

In human beings, vestigial organs are

1. Wisdom tooth, coccyx, nail, auricular muscles

2. Wisdom tooth, coccyx. eyelid, vermiform appendix

3. Wisdom tooth, coccyx, vermiform appendix, pancreas and elbow joint

4. Wisdom tooth, coccyx, vermiform appendix, nictitating membrane and auricular muscles

Q.

Tendrils of grapevines are homologous to the tendril of pumpkins, but are analogous to that of pea. Justify the above statement.

Q. Read the following statements and select the correct ones.

Statement (i): Giant ferns, the pteridophytes, were present during the Mesozoic era but fell to form coal deposits slowly.
Statement (ii): The multicellular organisms divided to form single-celled organisms.
Statement (iii): First organisms that invaded land were plants.

1. Statements (i) and (ii) are correct, but statement (iii) is incorrect
2. Statements (i) and (ii) are incorrect, but statement (iii) is correct
3. Statements (i) and (iii) are correct, but statement (ii) is incorrect
4. All statements are correct

Q. Which one of the following describes correctly the homologous structures?

1. Organs with anatomical similarities, but performing different functions
2. Organs with anatomical dissimilarities but performing the same function
3. Organs that have no function now, but had an important function in ancestors.
4. Organs appearing only in the embryonic stage and disappearing later in the adult.

Q. Which one of the following is correct about the first non-cellular forms of life that was envisaged in origin of life?

(A) They were partially isolated from the surroundings.
(B) They could maintain an internal environment.
(C) They were able to reproduce their molecules.
(D) They were not capable of self sustenance.

1. A and B
2. B, C and D
3. A, B and C
4. A and D

Q. Mark the incorrect match showing the name of animal; class they belong and their feature:

1. Psittacula

   Aves

   Homeotherms, forelimbs modified into wings, four chambered heart

2. Macropus

   Mammalia

   Homeotherms, presence of hairs, internal fertilisation

3. Chelone

   Amphibia

   Two pairs of limbs, internal fertilisation, oviparous

4. Crocodilus

   Reptilia

   Four chambered heart, internal fertilisation, poikilotherms

Q. Statement 1: Australopithecines lived in east African grasslands
Statement 2: Neanderthal man lived near east and central America

1. Both the statements are correct
2. Both the statements are incorrect
3. Statement 2 is correct while statement 1 is incorrect
4. Statement 1 is correct while statement 2 is incorrect

Q.

Which of the following is the correct group of vestigial organs in man ?

a) Nictitating membrane, ear muscles, eyelids and coccyx

b) Appendix, coccyx, ear muscles and elbow joint

c) Wisdom tooth, coccyx, body hair and ear muscles

d) Wisdom tooth, body hair, Nictitating membrane and vermiform appendix

Q. Wings of a bat and arms of a human are homologous whereas wings of bat and wings of butterfly are analogous. Justify. [2 marks]

Q. Forelimbs of a cat, lizard used in walking; forelimbs of whale used in swimming and forelimbs of bats used of :

1. Convergent evolution
2. Adaptive radiation
3. Homologous organs
4. Analogous organs

Q. Which of the following are homologous organs ?

1. Wings of birds and Locust
2. Wings of birds (sparrow) and pectoral fins of fish
3. Wings of bat and butterfly
4. Legs of frog and cockroach

Q. Circinate ptyxis is found in :

1. Pteris
2. Dryopteris
3. Cycas
4. All of these

Q. According to Hugo de Vries:

1. Mutations appear with prior clues
2. Mutations are raw material for evolutions
3. Mutations lead to increased complexity
4. Mutations have no role in species formation and hence known as saltation

Q. Which of the following options gives correct example each of convergent evolution and divergent evolution?

1. $\begin{array}{cccc}& \text{Convergent Evolution}& & \text{Divergent evolution}\\ & \text{Eyes of octopus and}& & \text{Bones of forelimbs in}\\ & \text{mammals}& & \text{vertebrates}\end{array}$
2. $\begin{array}{cccc}& \text{Convergent Evolution}& & \text{Divergent evolution}\\ & \text{Thorns of}Bougainvillea& & \text{Wings of butterfly and birds}\\ & \text{and tendrils of}Cucurbita& & \end{array}$
3. $\begin{array}{cccc}& \text{Convergent Evolution}& & \text{Divergent evolution}\\ & \text{Bones of forelimbs in}& & \text{Wings of butterfly and birds}\\ & \text{vertebrates}& & \end{array}$
4. $\begin{array}{cccc}& \text{Convergent Evolution}& & \text{Divergent evolution}\\ & \text{Thorms of}Bougainvillea& & \text{Eyes of octopus and}\\ & \text{and tendrils of}Cucurbita& & \text{mammals}\end{array}$

Q.

What are analogous structures a result of?

Q. How did this diversification come about?