(a) Explain what you would observe and its equation for what happens when a nitrate is heated strongly.

(b) 1. Fill in the blank spaces in the following statements :
Most of the nitric acid today is manufactured by Ostwald's process. In this process a mixture of pure dry ammonia and air in the ratio of ...... by volume is first compressed and then passed over ..... at about ...... $^{\circ} C$ . This results in the oxidation of ammonia into ....... which combines with ..... of the air to give ...... . This is an acidic gas from which nitric acid can be obtained by simply dissolving in ....... .
2. Give all the equations involved in the above process. [5 MARKS]

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Solution

a) 2 Marks
b) 3 Marks

(a) When lead nitrate is strongly heated, it decomposes with a crackling sound.
Equation :
$2 P b (N O_{3})_{2} (s) h e a t \to 2 P b O (s) + 4 N O_{2} (g) + O_{2} (g)$
The lead(II) oxide so formed is reddish brown when hot and yellow when cold.

(b) 1) Most of the nitric acid today is manufactured by Ostwald's process. In this process, a mixture of pure dry ammonia and air in the ratio of 1 : 10 by volume is first compressed and then passed over platinum gauge at about 800 $^{\circ} C$ . This results in the oxidation of ammonia into nitric oxide which combines with oxygen of the air to give nitrogen dioxide. This is an acidic gas from which nitric acid can be obtained by simply dissolving in water.

2. The chemical equations involved in the above process are:
$4 N H_{3} (g) + 5 O_{2} (g) P t - -- \to 800^{\circ} C 4 N O (g) + 6 H_{2} O (g) (S t e a m)$
$2 N O + O_{2} \to 2 N O_{2}$
$4 N O_{2} + 2 H_{2} O + O_{2} \to 4 H N O_{3}$ (Nitric acid)

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In Ostwald’s process for the manufacture of nitric acid, the first step involves the oxidation of ammonia gas by oxygen gas to give nitric oxide gas and steam. What is the maximum weight of nitric oxide that can be obtained starting only with 10.00 g. of ammonia and 20.00 g of oxygen?

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