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A normal vaginal pH is usually less than 4.5, a higher pH may cause infection as it might allow foreign pathogens like bacteria and yeast to thrive, this is a kind of body’s
A normal vaginal pH is usually less than 4.5, a higher pH may cause infection as it might allow foreign pathogens like bacteria and yeast to thrive, this is a kind of body’s
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Solution
The correct option is B chemical- first line of defence
Antigens are anything that can trigger the immune response,it can be entire pathogens, like bacteria,viruses, fungi yeast etc. or smaller proteins that pathogens express.
Human body has three primary lines of defence to fight against foreign pathogens and innate immune provides the first line of defence against any invaders, majorly by means of physical, chemical and biological. The physical barrier includes skin and mucosa which prevent tissues or organs by eliminating pathogens.
Some chemical barriers that the body adapts as the first line of defence to eliminate or destroy pathogens are like gastric juice, urine, vaginal secretions, which creates very low pH conditions, which acts as a vital defense mechanism to destroy pathogens.
A normal vaginal pH is 3.8 to 4.5, if it increases much further, it might shelter some pathogens like bacteria, yeast etc., and will lead to different infections or diseases. This is a kind of innate immune response of the body by means of a chemical barrier as the first line of defence to fight against the pathogens/antigens.
Biological barriers are provided by various resident microbiota which act as the first line of defence against invading pathogens.
Antigens are anything that can trigger the immune response,it can be entire pathogens, like bacteria,viruses, fungi yeast etc. or smaller proteins that pathogens express.
Human body has three primary lines of defence to fight against foreign pathogens and innate immune provides the first line of defence against any invaders, majorly by means of physical, chemical and biological. The physical barrier includes skin and mucosa which prevent tissues or organs by eliminating pathogens.
Some chemical barriers that the body adapts as the first line of defence to eliminate or destroy pathogens are like gastric juice, urine, vaginal secretions, which creates very low pH conditions, which acts as a vital defense mechanism to destroy pathogens.
A normal vaginal pH is 3.8 to 4.5, if it increases much further, it might shelter some pathogens like bacteria, yeast etc., and will lead to different infections or diseases. This is a kind of innate immune response of the body by means of a chemical barrier as the first line of defence to fight against the pathogens/antigens.
Biological barriers are provided by various resident microbiota which act as the first line of defence against invading pathogens.
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