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Question
A person is injured with a rusted iron nail and is likely to develop tetanus, so to prevent tetanus he is administered with __________.
A person is injured with a rusted iron nail and is likely to develop tetanus, so to prevent tetanus he is administered with __________.
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Solution
The correct option is C toxoids
Immunisation is a process of rendering an individual resistant to infections. The resistance to infection can be brought about by two methods, namely active immunisation and passive immunisation.
In active immunisation the individual is administered with vaccines to induce an immune response against an infection. For example, the oral polio vaccine given to children contains live attenuated (weakened) strains of poliomyelitis virus. This stimulates the production of antibodies by the immune system.
When the person is injured with a rusted iron nail, there is a chance that the person might be infected with Clostridium tetani, a bacterium that causes tetanus. Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection that results in painful muscle contractions and uncontrolled muscle spasms.
In order to prevent tetanus, the person is administered with tetanus toxoids (inactive form of bacterial toxins) from the bacteria Clostridium tetani. It is commonly called the TT injection (Tetanus toxoid injection). Toxoids are capable of instructing the immune system to develop antibodies against toxins. Hence, vaccination with toxoids induces anti-toxoid antibodies.
Figure: (a) Rusted nails (b) Clostridium tetani (c) Person with uncontrolled muscle spasms
In passive immunisation immune response is produced in a previously non sensitized individual (not exposed to antigen) by the transfer of preformed antibodies. For example, serum antibodies are administered in snakebites as the individual does not have enough time to develop immunity.
Antibiotics are chemicals that prevent the multiplication of bacteria or kill them. For example: Penicillin. This cannot be used to develop immunity against a pathogen.
Live microorganisms can cause infections so they are not used in immunisation.
Immunisation is a process of rendering an individual resistant to infections. The resistance to infection can be brought about by two methods, namely active immunisation and passive immunisation.
In active immunisation the individual is administered with vaccines to induce an immune response against an infection. For example, the oral polio vaccine given to children contains live attenuated (weakened) strains of poliomyelitis virus. This stimulates the production of antibodies by the immune system.
When the person is injured with a rusted iron nail, there is a chance that the person might be infected with Clostridium tetani, a bacterium that causes tetanus. Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection that results in painful muscle contractions and uncontrolled muscle spasms.
In order to prevent tetanus, the person is administered with tetanus toxoids (inactive form of bacterial toxins) from the bacteria Clostridium tetani. It is commonly called the TT injection (Tetanus toxoid injection). Toxoids are capable of instructing the immune system to develop antibodies against toxins. Hence, vaccination with toxoids induces anti-toxoid antibodies.
Figure: (a) Rusted nails (b) Clostridium tetani (c) Person with uncontrolled muscle spasmsIn passive immunisation immune response is produced in a previously non sensitized individual (not exposed to antigen) by the transfer of preformed antibodies. For example, serum antibodies are administered in snakebites as the individual does not have enough time to develop immunity.
Antibiotics are chemicals that prevent the multiplication of bacteria or kill them. For example: Penicillin. This cannot be used to develop immunity against a pathogen.
Live microorganisms can cause infections so they are not used in immunisation.
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