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Question

A plot of the number of neutrons (n) against the number of protons (p) of stable nuclei exhibits upward deviation from linearity for atomic number, Z>20. For an unstable nucleus having n/p ratio less than 1, the possible mode(s) of decay is (are)

A
βdecay(βemission)
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B
Orbital or K-electron capture
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C
Neutron emission
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D
β+ - decay (positron emission)
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Solution

The correct options are
B Orbital or K-electron capture
D β+ - decay (positron emission)
All the nuclei tends to maintain its np ratio around 1-1.5 range. So if any nuclei have np ratio less than 1 then it wants to increase it either by gaining neutron or lossing proton.

a) β decay
A X + 01e
In this decay there is an increament in p which furthur decreases the ratio.

b) Orbital or Kelectron capture
A + 01e X
In this process there is a decreament in p which increases the ratio and stability.

c) Neutron emission
A X + 10n
Here, there is loss of n which decreases the ratio and stability.

d) Positron emission
A X + 0+1e
In this process there is a decreament in p which increases the ratio and stability.



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