A small plane area is rotated in an electric field. The flux of electric field through the area is maximum when

Electric field lines are parallel to the surface

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Electric field lines are perpendicular to the surface

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Electric field lines are at

60^{\circ}

to the surface

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Electric field lines are at

45^{\circ}

to the surface.

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Solution

The correct option is B Electric field lines are perpendicular to the surface

We know that electric flux $(ϕ)$ through a plane area is given by
$ϕ = \to E . \to A = E A cos θ$

It will be maximum when $cos θ = 1$ or $θ = 0^{\circ}$ .

Thus, area vector and electric field are in the same direction.

Hence, electric field lines are perpendicular to the surface.

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