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Question

A small plane area is rotated in an electric field. The flux of electric field through the area is maximum when

A
Electric field lines are parallel to the surface
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B
Electric field lines are perpendicular to the surface
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C
Electric field lines are at 60 to the surface
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D
Electric field lines are at 45 to the surface.
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Solution

The correct option is B Electric field lines are perpendicular to the surface

We know that electric flux (ϕ) through a plane area is given by
ϕ=E.A=EAcosθ

It will be maximum when cosθ=1 or θ=0.

Thus, area vector and electric field are in the same direction.

Hence, electric field lines are perpendicular to the surface.



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