A student dropped a few pieces of marble in dilute hydrochloric acid, contained in a test-tube. The evolved gas was then passed through lime water.
What change would be observed in lime water?
What will happen if an excess of gas is passed through lime water? With the help of balanced chemical equations for all the changes explain the observations.

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Solution

Reaction involved-
$C a C O_{3} + 2 H C l \to C a C l_{2} + C O_{2} + H_{2} O$

The evolved gas is carbon dioxide which when passes through lime water turns it milky.

$C a (O H)_{2} + C O_{2} \to H_{2} O + C a C O_{3}$ $\Leftarrow$ due to formation of this compounds

when excess $C O_{2}$ is passed
$C a C O_{3} + H_{2} O + C O_{2} \to C a (H C O_{3})_{2}$

Bicarbonate is formed which again clears the solution.

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Reaction involved-CaCO3+2HCl→CaCl2+CO2+H2OThe evolved gas is carbon dioxide which when passes through lime water turns it milky.Ca(OH)2+CO2→H2O+CaCO3 ⇐ due to formation of this compoundswhen excess CO2 is passedCaCO3+H2O+CO2→Ca(HCO3)2Bicarbonate is formed which again clears the solution.