(a) What is Lanthanoid contraction?
(b) What are Interstitial compounds? Give an example.
(c) Calculate the 'Spin only' magnetic moment of $M_{(a q)}^{2 +}$ ion (Z = 29)

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Solution

(a) Lanthanoid contraction:
It is gradual decrease in the atomic and ionic radii of lanthanoids with increase in atomic number.
(b) Interstitial compounds:
These compounds are formed when small atoms like H,C or N are trapped inside the interstitial spaces in the crystal lattice of metals. These compounds are non stoichiometric and cannot be represented by definite composition and neither typically ionic nor covalent. Examples include $T i C$ , $T i H_{1.73}, M n_{4} N, F e_{3} H$ etc.
(c) $M^{2 +}$ (aq) ion (Z = 29) has $3 d^{9}$ outer electronic configuration with 1 unpaired electron.
The 'Spin only' magnetic moment $= \sqrt{n (n + 2)} = \sqrt{1 (1 + 2)} = 1.73$ B.M.

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