(a) What is meant by a substitution reaction? Give an example (with equation) of the substitution reaction of an alkane.
(b) How is soap made? Write a word equation involved in soap making.
(a) What is meant by a substitution reaction? Give an example (with equation) of the substitution reaction of an alkane.
(b) How is soap made? Write a word equation involved in soap making.
(a) The substitution reaction is a reaction in which hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon are replaced by other atoms. It is a characteristic of saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes).
For example:
Methane (alkane) reacts with chlorine, in the presence of sunlight, to form chloromethane and hydrochloric acid.
The chemical equation of this reaction is as follows:
CH4+Cl2⟶CH3Cl+HCl
(b) Soap is prepared by heating animal fat or vegetable oil (esters) with concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. Esters react with sodium hydroxide to give soap and glycerol. Saponification is the process of preparing soap by the hydrolysis of fats with alkalis.
Equation involved in soap making :
Fat or oil (Ester) + Sodium Hydroxide⟶Soap (Sodium salt of fatty acid) + Glycerol (alcohol)
(a) The substitution reaction is a reaction in which hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon are replaced by other atoms. It is a characteristic of saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes).
For example:
Methane (alkane) reacts with chlorine, in the presence of sunlight, to form chloromethane and hydrochloric acid.
The chemical equation of this reaction is as follows:
CH4+Cl2⟶CH3Cl+HCl
(b) Soap is prepared by heating animal fat or vegetable oil (esters) with concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. Esters react with sodium hydroxide to give soap and glycerol. Saponification is the process of preparing soap by the hydrolysis of fats with alkalis.
Equation involved in soap making :
Fat or oil (Ester) + Sodium Hydroxide⟶Soap (Sodium salt of fatty acid) + Glycerol (alcohol)
