Question

According to Neo-Darwinism, evolution occurs through the accumulation of genetic variations in

Answer 1

Neo-Darwinism or modern synthetic theory of evolution, is an improvement of Darwin’s theory of natural selection proposed by the supporters of Darwin. It is a combination of ideas from Darwin's theory of natural selection, mutation theory and Mendel’s principles of heredity.

Unlike Darwinism, which failed to explain the cause of variations, Neo-Darwinism believed that the raw materials for evolution are the genetic variations that occur in the gene pool of a population. Gene pool refers to the sum of a population's genetic material at a given time.

The causes behind these variations can be mutations, genetic recombinations during meiosis, changes in number or structure of chromosomes, etc.

The individuals of a population that carry the favourable genetic variations provide them with better adaptability in a changing environment and increased reproductive fitness (ability to produce healthy and fertile offspring).

Nature selects such organisms for survival and an isolated group of such individuals can gradually evolve into a new species.

Thus, according to Neo-Darwinism, evolution is brought about by the genetic variations in the gene pool of a population.