Question

Ammonia gives dense white fumes with hydrogen chloride gas. Name another gas which also gives white fumes.

Answer 1

• Ammonia $\left({\mathrm{NH}}_3\right)$ reacts with hydrogen chloride gas $\left(\mathrm{HCl}\right)$ to give white fumes of ammonium chloride $\left({\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{Cl}\right)$.
• The reaction is as follows:
  ${\mathrm{NH}}_3\left(g\right)+\mathrm{HCl}\left(\mathrm{g}\right)⟶{\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{Cl}\left(\mathrm{g}\right)$
• Excess ammonia reacts with chlorine gas $\left({\mathrm{Cl}}_2\right)$ to form ammonium chloride which gives white fumes.
• $8{\mathrm{NH}}_3\left(\mathrm{g}\right)+3{\mathrm{Cl}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right)⟶6{\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{Cl}\left(\mathrm{g}\right)+{\mathrm{N}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right)\uparrow$

Therefore, chlorine gas also gives white fumes with ammonia.