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Scalars and the Need for Vectors

An electric d...

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An electric dipole when placed in an uniform electric field E will have minimum potential energy, when the angle made by dipole moment with field E is

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Solution

Dear Student,

$U (θ) = - \bar{P} . \bar{E} = - P E \cos θ t h e m i n i m u m p o t e n t i a l e n e r g y i s z e r o s o a t θ = 90^{o} \cos θ = 0 t h e r e f o r e w h e n f i e l d a n d d i p o l e m o m e n t f o r m a n g l e o f 90 t h e n p o t e n t i a l e n e r g y i s z e r o . R e g a r d s$

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