An Okazaki fragment includes:

Only short fragments of deoxyribonucleotides

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Only short RNA fragments

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RNA primer + short fragments of deoxyribonucleotides

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Only RNA primer

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Solution

The correct option is C
RNA primer + short fragments of deoxyribonucleotides

The lagging strand is synthesised discontinuously by the formation of Okazaki fragments. RNA primers are laid by the primase enzyme, and DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the free 3’ end of each primer. Each Okazaki fragment is about 100-200 nucleotides in length, and includes the RNA primer and the deoxyribonucleotide bases added to it by DNA polymerase. Eventually, the RNA primer is replaced with deoxyribonucleotide bases by another type of DNA polymerase enzyme.

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Match the following enzymes of DNA replication with their respective functions:
$\begin{matrix} p . D N A p o l y m e r a s e & i . H e l p s u n z i p t h e D N A d o u b l e h e l i x q . D N A l i g a s e & i i . S e a l s n i c k s b e t w e e n O k a z a k i f r a g m e n t s r . D N A h e l i c a s e & i i i . L a y s R N A p r i m e r s t o w h i c h p o l y m e r a s e c a n a d d n u c l e o t i d e s s . P r i m a s e & i v . A d d s n u c l e o t i d e s t o t h e f r e e 3^{'} e n d o f R N A p r i m e r s \end{matrix}$

Q. The leading strand is copied in a series of short fragments called Okazaki fragments

Q. Okazaki fragments are short, newly synthesised DNA fragments that are formed on the lagging template strand. When does this happen?

Q. A DNA sequencing reaction was performed with the fragment

5 - X X X G C G A T C G Y Y Y Y - 3^{'}

as the template, dideoxy GTP, all the four

d N T P s

, and the required primers and enzyme.

X X X X

and

Y Y Y Y

in the given DNA fragment represent primer binding sites. The set of fragments obtained during the reaction will be (the primers are not shown in the amplified fragments).

Q. Match the following enzymes of DNA replication with their respective functions:

\begin{matrix} Column I & Column II p. DNA polymerase & i. Helps unzip the DNA double helix q. DNA ligase & ii. Seals nicks between Okazaki fragments r. DNA helicase & iii. Lays RNA primers to which polymerase can add nucleotides s. Primase & iv. Adds nucleotides to the free 3' end of RNA primers \end{matrix}

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