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Standard XII
Chemistry
Introduction to Optical Isomerism
An organic co...
Question

An organic compound having a carbon attached to four different groups is optically active. But, is the opposite also true? That is, do all optically active organic compounds have chiral carbons? Not necessarily. Presence or absence of chiral centre is not the sufficient criterion for optical activity. The ultimate criterion is the presence or absence of either plane or centre of symmetry. Two compounds which are non-superimposable mirror images of each other are called enantiomers. If a compound contains more than one chiral carbon, new words are required to describe the relationship between various stereoisomers of the compounds. Those words are diastereomers and mesomers.


Optically active compounds among the following is :

A
CH3−CH2−CH(Cl)−CH2−CH3
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B
CH3−CH2−CD(Cl)−CH2−CH3
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C
CH3−CH2−CH(D)−CH2−CH3
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D
CH3−CH2−CH(D)−CH3
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Solution

The correct option is D CH3−CH2−CH(D)−CH3
x= optical centre

Thus the compound in the option D has asymmetric carbon atom as all the four valencies of carbon indicated by 'x' is satisfied by four different group.

Thus the compound in option D is optically active.

60503_25939_ans_67d654c7c7154e5eb64b6a9915884cb7.png

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Q. An organic compound having a carbon attached to four different groups is optically active. But, is the opposite also true? That is, do all optically active organic compounds have chiral carbons? Not necessarily. Presence or absence of chiral center is not the sufficient criterion for optical activity. The ultimate criterion is presence or absence of either plane or center of symmetry. Two compounds which are non-superimposable mirror images of each other are called enantiomers. If a compound contains more than one chiral carbon, new words are required to describe the relationship between various stereoisomers of the compounds. Those words are diastereomers and mesomers.
Optically active compounds among the following is/are
(A) CH3−CH=C=CH2
(B) CH3−CH=C=CH−CH3
25946_ab445f62adef4b7494927521fc29aa86.png
Q. An organic compound having a carbon attached to four different groups is optically active. But, is the opposite also true? That is, do all optically active organic compounds have chiral carbons? Not necessarily. Presence or absence of chiral centre is not the sufficient criterion for optical activity. The ultimate criterion is the presence or absence of either plane or centre of symmetry. Two compounds which are non-superimposable mirror images of each other are called enantiomers. If a compound contains more than one chiral carbon, new words are required to describe the relationship between various stereo isomers of the compounds. Those words are diastereomers and mesomers.
The optical rotation of a solution of pure natural camphor is found to be +5.76o under the following conditions: concentration =0.13g/ml, length of polarimeter = 1dm, wavelength = sodium D line, T=25oC. The specific rotation of camphor is
Q. Some organic compounds are given.
i. CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3.
ii. CH3−CH2−O−CH2−CH3.
iii. CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−OH.
iv. CH3−CH2−COOH.
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(b) Write the IUPAC name of the alcohol.
(c) Of the above compounds, one compound is an isomer of another compound.
Find the isomer pair, and name the isomerism.
Q.
CH3−CH3|C|−CH3CH2−CH3|CH−CH3 Br2/hu−−−−→

For the given reaction how many products are optically active (all isomers) :
Q. What is the correct relationship between the following compound?
CH3−CH2−C|CH3H−CH2−CH3
CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−C|CH3H2
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