Question

Answer in one sentence each.
i. What are jumping genes?
ii. Give the importance of heterocyst in cyanobacteria.
iii. From which microbial source can pectinase be obtained?
iv. Which is the ultimate pathway for fixing carbon dioxide ($C{O}_2$) into glucose?
v. Name the process of respiration which does not involve intake of oxygen ($O_2$) and release of carbon dioxide ($C{O}_2$).
vi. What is biomagnification?

Answer 1

i. Some repetitive DNA sequences can change their positions in DNA. These are called as jumping genes or transposons.

ii. The heterocysts are specialised cells that can fix atmospheric nitrogen in cyanobacteria.

iii. Pectinase can be obtained from fungi (Aspergillus niger).

iv. The Calvin cycle is the pathway in which $C{O}_2$ is fixed with the help of the enzyme Rubisco to generate glucose.

v. Lactic acid fermentation is the process of respiration which does not involve intake of $O_2$ and release of $C{O}_2$.

vi. Bio-magnification is the increase in concentration of a pollutant that is, non- biodegradable in each higher trophic level of a food chain. Example: DDT and Mercury.