Assertion : $H N O_{3}$ acts only as an oxidising agent while $H N O_{2}$ acts both as an oxidising agent and a reducing agent. Reason: The oxidation number of $N$ in $H N O_{3}$ is maximum.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion

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Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion

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Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect

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Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

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Solution

The correct option is A Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
Since the oxidation number of $N$ in $H N O_{3}$ is maximum (+5), it can only decrease.
Hence, $H N O_{3}$ acts as an oxidising agent.
In $H N O_{2}$ , the oxidation number of $N$ is $+ 3$ .
Therefore, it can increase by losing electrons or can decrease by accepting electrons. Therefore, $H N O_{2}$ acts both as an oxidising as well as a reducing agent.

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Assertion :HNO3 acts only as an oxidising agent while HNO2 acts both as an oxidising agent and a reducing agent. Reason: The oxidation number of N in HNO3 is maximum.

Assertion : $H N O_{3}$ acts only as an oxidising agent while $H N O_{2}$ acts both as an oxidising agent and a reducing agent. Reason: The oxidation number of $N$ in $H N O_{3}$ is maximum.