Question

Write in brief about the exchange of genes between Homologous Chromosomes.

Answer 1

Homologous Chromosomes:

1. Chromosomes are thread-like structures that exist within the nucleus of animal and plant cells.
2. The pair of chromosomes with the identical gene sequence are called homologous chromosomes.
3. The chromatids of the homologous pairs cross across and exchange genetic material during synapsis in meiosis 1, which happens when the homologous chromosomes couple up during prophase 1.
4. Chromosome crossover refers to the exchange of genes between two homologous chromosomes.
5. Recombinant chromosomes are created during sexual reproduction as a result of this exchange between non-sister chromatids.
6. It is recognised as one of the last stages of genetic recombination and occurs during the synapsis phenomenon in the pachytene stage of prophase 1 of meiosis.
7. The crossover happens when the corresponding regions on the corresponding chromosomes separate from one another to reattach to another chromosome.
8. Recombination is the process by which two chromosomes or two sections of a single chromosome exchange genetic material. There are four primary types of recombination:
   1. During meiosis, homologous recombination takes place when a section of a chromosome is switched between two homologous chromosomes.
   2. Non-homologous recombination is the transfer of genetic material between chromosomes that are not identical.
   3. In site-specific recombination, a new piece of DNA is inserted after DNA is cut using restriction enzymes at a particular place.
   4. Replicative recombination creates a new transposable element copy at a different location on the same chromosome.