By drawing an electron dot diagram, show the lone pair effect leading to the formation of ammonium ion from ammonia gas and hydrogen ion.

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Solution

The lone pair on nitrogen atom in ammonia attracts hydrogen ion, leading to the formation of a coordinate bond between nitrogen and hydrogen. It is represented by an arrow ( $\to$ ) pointing from nitrogen (donor) to hydrogen (acceptor) in the electron dot diagram as shown below. Formation of ammonium ion can be represented as:

$H : N_{. .}^{\underset{. .}{H}} : H + H^{+} \to {[H : N_{\overset{. .}{H}}^{\underset{. .}{H}} : H]}^{+} or {[H - N_{\overset{}{H}}^{\underset{}{H}} \to H]}^{+}$

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Q. Draw an electron dot diagram to show the formation of ammonium ion [Atomic number:

N = 7

and

H = 1

(i) What is a lone pair of electrons?
(ii) Draw an electron dot diagram of a hydronium ion and label the lone pair of electrons.
(iii) Name a neutral covalent molecule which contains one lone pair of electrons.

Why ammonium ion contains a positive charge when hydrogen accepts lone pair of electrons from ammonia and forms coordinate bond .

Ammonia molecule has one lone pair of electrons. It combines with hydroxyl ions of water to form ammonium ions through a coordinate bond.

Which feature of ammonia molecule leads to the formation of the ammonium ion when ammonia dissolves in water?

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