DNA is made up of nucleotides that help in the inheritance of genetic material from the parent to the daughter cells.
DNA fragments can be obtained by cutting a DNA strand with a restriction enzyme.
The restricted sample of DNA is subjected to electricity in a gel electrophoresis unit, stained with ethidium bromide, and viewed under UV light as bands.
A single DNA fragment or even a small group of DNA fragments are not visible in the gel electrophoresis process.
However, by comparing the bands in a sample to the DNA ladder, approximate sizes of DNA fragments can be determined.