Can u pls explain this rule 2 :The outermost shell cannot have more than 8 electrons. The penultimate shell cannot have more than 18 electrons. A new shell is formed as soon as the outermost shell attains 8 electrons
I think your question must be answered mechanically. As it seems as if you are trying to visualise an atom and trying to understand if a shell can contain 8 electron, why not 9?
What happens when you try to put too many cloths in a fully packed bag? All electrons are negatively charged and same charges repel.
Let’s say 2nd shell, it can contain 8 electron at most. If you try to put 9 electron in there, the electrostatic repulsion between the electrons themselves becomes more than that of the electrostatic attraction between electrons and the nucleus, it will outcast the extra electron into the outer shells. So, it can not contain more that 8 electron