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B
Heterospory
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C
Parthenocarpy
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D
Vivipary
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Solution
The correct option is D Vivipary A. Apospory -include formation of Diploid gametophytes, without meiosis and spores, from vegetative cells of the sporophyte. for example - mosses and ferns. B. Heterospory- is fornation of spores of two different sizes i.e smaller of these, the microspore, is male and the larger megaspore is female by the sporophytes of land plants. for example -pteridophytes -Selaginella and Salvinia. C. Parthenocarpy is the development of a fruit without fertilization, which makes the fruit seedless, for example- Pineapple, banana.
D. Vivipary- Mangroves are viviparous, as mangroves disperse propagules or embryonic development while the propagule is attached to the parent tree. ( Thus, correct answer is option-D. Vivipary )