(A) The Russians demonstrated [A] had demonstrated [B]their support for Mr. Putin's policies when they re-elected him on [A] / for [B]a second term.
(B) We may have to quarantine environmental [A] / environment [B] water and take total control of how we use it.
(C) The west Australian government responded by sinking new bores into the layered [A] / layer [B] aquifers beneath the city.
(D) When you don't know what's confronting you, the ability of your systems to adapt to change [A] / changing [B]conditions is essential.
BBAAB
When two actions are in the past, the action that goes before should be in the past perfect. Hence 'had demonstrated' is correct. 'For' is the suitable preposition here.
In sentence 2 'environmental' is the adjective hence it is correct. Similarly in sentence
3 'layered' is the adjective hence it is suitable.To have parallelism in construction
'changing' gels with 'confronting.' Hence BBAAB.
Shortcut- always keep an eye out for elimination of answer options. In sentence D, you can see that "changing” is the correct usage. This is a relatively simpler sentence to start with as well. There is only answer option ending with "B”. You can directly eliminate all the other options.