Choosing only words from the following list, write down the appropriate words to fill in the blanks (i) to (v) below : anions, anode, cathode, cations, electrode, electrolyte, nickeI, voltameter.
To electroplate an article with nickeI requires an (i) ___ which must be a solution containing (ii) _ ions. The article to be plated is placed on the (iii) _ of the cell in which the plating is carried out. The (iv) _ of the cell is made from pure nickeI. The ions which are attracted to the negative electrode and discharged are called (v)_____

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Solution

To electroplate an article with nickel requires an (i) electrolyte which must be a solution containing (ii) nickel ions. The article to be plated is placed on the (iii) cathode of the cell in which the plating is carried out. The (iv) anode of the cell is made from pure nickel. The ions which are attracted to the negative electrode and discharged are called (v) cations.
(i) Electrolyte: An aqueous or molten salt that produces free ions by electrolysis.
For example: Sodium argentocyanide ( $Na [Ag {(CN)}_{2}]$ ) is used as an electrolyte while plating silver on copper.
(ii) Nickel: An electrolyte must be of the element to be plated over other elements.
For example: If silver is to be plated over copper then, the electrolyte must be of silver.
(iii) Cathode: The article to be plated is placed on the cathode.
For example: Copper is placed at the cathode while plated with silver.
Reaction at the cathode :
${Cu}^{2 +} (a q) + 2 e^{-} \to Cu (s)$
(iv) Anode: The anode of the cell is made of pure nickel which is to be plated.
For example: Pure Silver is placed at an anode that is plated on copper while electroplating copper.
(v) Cations: The ions which are attracted to the negative electrode and discharged are called cations.
For example : ${Cu}^{2 +} (a q) + 2 e^{-} \to Cu (s)$
Here, ${Cu}^{2 +}$ ions are attracted to the negative electrode.

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Q. Choosing only words from the following list, write down the appropriate words to fill in the blanks (a) to (e) below: anions, anode, cathode, cations, electrode, electrolyte, nickel, voltameter.
To electroplate an article with nickel requires an (a) ________ which must be a solution containing (b) ________ ions. The article to be plated is placed as the (c) _________ of the cell in which the plating is carried out. The (d) _________ of the cell is made from pure nickel. The ions that are attracted to the negative electrode and discharged are called (e) _________.

Q. (a) Here is an electrode reaction:
Cu → Cu²⁺ + 2e.
At which electrode (anode or cathode) would such a reaction take place? Is this an example of oxidation?
(b) A solution contains magnesium ions (Mg²⁺), iron (II) ions (Fe²⁺) and copper ions (Cu²⁺). On passing an electric current through this solution which ions will be the first to be discharged at the cathode? Write the equation for the cathode reaction.
(c) Why is carbon tetrachloride, which is a liquid, a non-electrolyte?

Q. The following questions relate to the electroplating of an article with silver.
(a) Name the electrode formed by the article which is to be plated.
(b) What ions must be present in the electrolyte?
(c) What should be the nature of the anode?

(a) Here is an electrode reaction :

$C u \to C u^{2 +} + 2 e^{-}$ . At which electrode (anode or cathode) would such a reaction take place? Is this an example of oxidation or reduction ?

(b) A solution contains magnesium ions $(M g^{2 +})$ , iron (II) ions $F e^{2 +}$ and copper ions $C u^{2 +}$ . On passing an electric current through this solution, which ions will be the first to be discharged at the cathode? Write the equation for the cathode reaction.

(d) During the electrolysis of molten lead bromide, which of the following takes place ?

A. Bromine is released at the cathode,

B. Lead is deposited at the anode,

C. Bromine ions gain electrons,

D. Lead is deposited at the cathode.

Q. (i) Explain, why copper, though a good conductor of electricity, is a non-electrolyte.
(ii) Name the gas released at the cathode when acidulated water is electrolysed.
(iii) Explain, why solid sodium chloride does not allow electricity to pass through?
(iv) Fill in the blanks:
(a) As we descend the electrochemical series containing cations, the tendency of the cations to get _________ (oxidized/reduced) at the cathode increases.
(b) The (higher/lower) __________ the concentration of an ion in a solution, the greater is the probability of its being discharged at its appropriate electrode.

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