Classify the substances listed as compounds and mixtures.
(i) saline water (ii) air (iii) distilled water (iv) milk (v) hydrated copper sulphate (vi) hydrogen chloride gas (vii) hydrochloric acid (viii) ammonia gas
Classify the substances listed as compounds and mixtures.
(i) saline water (ii) air (iii) distilled water (iv) milk (v) hydrated copper sulphate (vi) hydrogen chloride gas (vii) hydrochloric acid (viii) ammonia gas
Mixture: A mixture is the combination of two or more substances in any proportion.
One of the important characteristic properties of a mixture is that it retains the properties of its constituents.
For example, lemonade is a mixture made up of lemon juice, water, and sugar. Lemonade retains the properties of its every constituent which are sugar, lemon juice, and water
Compound: A compound is made up of two or more elements chemically bonded with each other in a definite proportion.
One of the most important characteristic features of a compound is that when it is formed it does not exhibit the properties of its constituents. For example, Salt (NaCl) is made up of two elements sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl). The characteristic properties of both sodium and chlorine are different from salt. Salt will not exhibit any of the properties of any of the elements present as its constituent.
(i) Saline water: Saline water refers to water with heavily dissolved salt into it. Saline water is considered a mixture because salt can be separated from water by physical means i.e., the evaporation process.
(ii) Air: Air is a mixture of different gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, and other gases. The components of air can be separated by the process of fractional distillation. So, the air is also considered a mixture.
(iii) Distilled water: Distilled water is a kind of purified water free from every kind of impurities and mineral content. Distilled water is a compound as the formula for distilled water is H2O which cannot be separated into its constituent elements Hydrogen and Oxygen by physical means.
(iv) Milk: Milk is a mixture of water, fats, and proteins. It is a homogeneous mixture in which the constituents are dissolved in such a way that they are not visible in the mixture as suspended particles. Milk is a mixture as it can be separated into its constituents by the process of centrifugation (physical means).
(v) Hydrated copper sulphate: Hydrated copper sulphate is CuSO4.5H2O. Here 5 water molecules are present in copper sulphate so the colour of the crystals is blue. It is a mixture because water can be separated from copper sulphate by heating it. Water will get vaporized and hydrated copper sulphate will turn into white anhydrous copper sulphate powder.
(vi) Hydrogen chloride gas: It is a compound. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas cannot be separated into its constituents hydrogen and chlorine by physical means so it is a compound.
(vii) Hydrochloric acid: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is an acid in which hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in water where it dissociates into H+ and OH- ions. It is a mixture of hydrogen chloride gas in water and can be separated into its constituents by physical means.
(ix) Ammonia gas: Ammonia gas (NH3) is a compound made up of Nitrogen and Hydrogen. It is a compound as it cannot be separated into its constituents by physical means.
Final answer: Compounds: distilled water, hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid
Mixture: saline water, air, milk, hydrated copper sulphate, hydrochloric acid
Mixture: A mixture is the combination of two or more substances in any proportion.
One of the important characteristic properties of a mixture is that it retains the properties of its constituents.
For example, lemonade is a mixture made up of lemon juice, water, and sugar. Lemonade retains the properties of its every constituent which are sugar, lemon juice, and water
Compound: A compound is made up of two or more elements chemically bonded with each other in a definite proportion.
One of the most important characteristic features of a compound is that when it is formed it does not exhibit the properties of its constituents. For example, Salt (NaCl) is made up of two elements sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl). The characteristic properties of both sodium and chlorine are different from salt. Salt will not exhibit any of the properties of any of the elements present as its constituent.
(i) Saline water: Saline water refers to water with heavily dissolved salt into it. Saline water is considered a mixture because salt can be separated from water by physical means i.e., the evaporation process.
(ii) Air: Air is a mixture of different gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, and other gases. The components of air can be separated by the process of fractional distillation. So, the air is also considered a mixture.
(iii) Distilled water: Distilled water is a kind of purified water free from every kind of impurities and mineral content. Distilled water is a compound as the formula for distilled water is H2O which cannot be separated into its constituent elements Hydrogen and Oxygen by physical means.
(iv) Milk: Milk is a mixture of water, fats, and proteins. It is a homogeneous mixture in which the constituents are dissolved in such a way that they are not visible in the mixture as suspended particles. Milk is a mixture as it can be separated into its constituents by the process of centrifugation (physical means).
(v) Hydrated copper sulphate: Hydrated copper sulphate is CuSO4.5H2O. Here 5 water molecules are present in copper sulphate so the colour of the crystals is blue. It is a mixture because water can be separated from copper sulphate by heating it. Water will get vaporized and hydrated copper sulphate will turn into white anhydrous copper sulphate powder.
(vi) Hydrogen chloride gas: It is a compound. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas cannot be separated into its constituents hydrogen and chlorine by physical means so it is a compound.
(vii) Hydrochloric acid: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is an acid in which hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in water where it dissociates into H+ and OH- ions. It is a mixture of hydrogen chloride gas in water and can be separated into its constituents by physical means.
(ix) Ammonia gas: Ammonia gas (NH3) is a compound made up of Nitrogen and Hydrogen. It is a compound as it cannot be separated into its constituents by physical means.
Final answer: Compounds: distilled water, hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid
Mixture: saline water, air, milk, hydrated copper sulphate, hydrochloric acid
