Concentrated sulphuric acid is :

efforescent

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hygroscopic

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oxidizing agent

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sulphonating agent

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Solution

The correct options are
A sulphonating agent
B hygroscopic
D oxidizing agent
(A) Efflorescence means spontaneous loss of water by a hydrated salt.
Conc. sulphuric acid is not efforescent. Thus, the option A is incorrect.
(B) Conc. sulphuric acid has strong affinity for water and is hygroscopic. It readily absorbs moisture. Hence, the option B is correct.
(C) Conc. sulphuric acid is strong oxidizing agent as it gives oxygen on strong heating. It oxidizes non-metals, metals above hydrogen in electrochemical series and several compounds. Hence, the option C is correct.
(D) Conc. sulphuric acid is sulphonating agent. It introduces sulphonic acid group into aromatic nucleus. Hence, option D is correct.
$C_{6} H_{6} + H O . S O_{2} . O H \to C_{6} H_{5} . S O_{2} - O H$

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