The given reaction is
6CO2(g)+6H2O(l)→C6H12O6(aq)+6O2(g)
It is more appropriate to write this reaction as
6CO2(g)+12H2O(l)→C6H12O6(aq)+6O2(g)+6H2O(l)
This is because water is produced during photosynthesis and water must be shown on product side. To investigate the path, H2O18 is used instead of H2O16. Thus, instead of using normal O atom in water molecule, we use radioactively labelled O atom in water molecule. By determining the intermediates and products containing labelled oxygen, we can investigate above paths.