The correct option is E equation named for him, which explains how an airplane’s wing generates lift
A. equation named after him, to explain an airplane’s wing’s generation of lift --1. A is out because it is out of scope for the above stated reason 2. An airplane’s wing’s is very weird
B. equation named after him, and this principle explains the lift of an airplane’s wing – A past tense clause and then a present tense clause and then again a past tense clause – and two ands to separate three items—all these things make this choice awful.
C. equation, named it after himself, explained how an airplane’s wing is generating lift --1. This is invalid for the same reason as in A. 2. Named it after himself implies that Daniel himself named it after his ownself.
D. equation named for him, giving an explanation of the generation of the lift of an airplane’s wing – The adverbial modifier, ‘giving an explanation of the generation’ modifies Daniel’ deriving the fluid equation; this is logically incorrect.
E. equation named for him, which explains how an airplane’s wing generates lift, --- may be the best since the present tense of the modifier indicates that the reference to the airplane is a thing of present times and that when the modifier when removed still carries the original meaning intact.