Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by a positive deviation from Raoult's law? Give an example

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Solution

Azeotropes are the binary mixtures of solution that have the same composition in liquid and vapour phase and that have constant boiling points throughout distillation.
A minimum-boiling azeotrope is formed by solution showing a large positive deviation from Raoult's law at specific composition.
Example: An ethanol-water mixture containing approximately 95% ethanol by volume.

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Q. Assertion :The solutions which show large positive deviations from Raoult's law form maximum boiling azeotropes. Reason: 95% aqueous solution of ethanol is maximum boiling azeotrope

Question 25
On the basis of information given below mark the correct option. Information On adding acetone to methanol some of the hydrogen bonds between methanol molecules break.
(a) At specific composition methanol-acetone mixture will form minimum boiling azeotrope and will show positive deviation from Raoult's law
(b) At specific composition methanol-acetone mixture will form maximum boiling azeotrope and will show positive deviation from Raoult's law
(c) At specific composition methanol-acetone mixture will form minimum boiling azeotrope and will show negative deviation from Raoult's law
(d) At specific composition methanol-acetone mixture will form maximum boiling azeotrope and will show negative deviation from Raoult's law

Q. What type of deviation is shown by a mixture of ethanol and acetone? What type of azeotrope is formed by mixing ethanol and acetone?

Q. CASE 1: Read the passage given below and answer the following question

The solution which obeys Raoult’s law over the entire range of concentration are known as ideal solutions. The solution which does not obey Raoults law over the entire range of concentration, then it is called non-ideal solution. The vapour pressure of such as a solution is either higher or lower than that predicted by Raoult’s law. If it is higher, the solution exhibits positive deviation and if it is lower, it exhibits negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
Some liquids on mixing, form azeotropes which are binary mixture having the same composition in liquid and vapour phase. There are two types of azeotropes. Minimum boiling azeotropes and maximum boiling azeotropes.

Correct statement(s) about azeotropes is/are:
[0.77 Mark]

Q. CASE1: Read the passage given below and answer the following question.

The solution which obeys Raoult’s law over the entire range of concentration are known as ideal solutions. The solution which does not obey Raoults law over the entire range of concentration, then it is called non-ideal solution. The vapour pressure of such as a solution is either higher or lower than that predicted by Raoult’s law. If it is higher, the solution exhibits positive deviation and if it is lower, it exhibits negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
Some liquids on mixing, form azeotropes which are binary mixture having the same composition in liquid and vapour phase. There are two types of azeotropes. Minimum boiling azeotropes and maximum boiling azeotropes.

Which of the following solutions show negative deviation from Raoult’s law?
[0.77 Mark]

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