Question

Define 1. Vermicompost 2. Green manure 3. Biofertilizer

Answer 1

Vermicompost:

1. Vermiculture simply means “worm-farming”. Earthworms feed on organic waste materials and give out excreta in the form of “vermicasts” rich in nitrates and minerals such as phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, and potassium.
2. Red worms are used as they prefer a compost environment to plain soil, and are quite very easy to keep.
3. Vermicomposting comprises two methods:
   1. Bed Method: This is an easy method whereby beds of organic matter are prepared.
   2. Pit Method: In such a method, the organic matter is collected in the cemented pits. However, such a method is not prominent as it involves problems of poor aeration and waterlogging.
4. The major benefits of vermicomposting are:
   1. It improves the physical structure of the soil.
   2. Vermicomposting generally increases the fertility and water resistance of the soil.
   3. It helps in germination, plant growth, and crop yield.
   4. cultivates soil with plant growth hormones like auxins, gibberellic acid, etc.

Green Manure:

1. It is a type of manure that consists of growing plants that are ploughed back into the soil.
2. Green manure generally increases the percentage of organic matter in the soil.
3. The roots of these manures go deep into the soil. It helps in the suppression of weeds and the prevention of soil erosion.
4. Manure has the following advantages:
   1. These are generally a good source of macronutrients.
   2. It improves soil fertility.
   3. It is cost-effective.

Biofertilizers:

1. Biofertilizers are a substance that contains microbes, which helps in promoting the growth of plants and trees by increasing the supply of essential nutrients to the plants.
2. Biofertilizers improve the soil texture and yield of plants.
3. They generally do not allow pathogens to flourish.
4. They are also eco-friendly and quite cost-effective.