Question

Defines hybridization.Determine the hybridization in following molecules:
${PCl}_5{NH}_4^{+1}$

Answer 1

Hybridisation $\to$ Hybridisation happens when atomic orbitals mix to form new atomic orbitals. The new orbitals have the same total electron capacity as the old ones. The properties and energies of the new, hybridised orbitals are an 'average' of the original unhybridised orbitals.

Hybridisation can be determined by the sum of no. of atoms directly attached to central atom, lone pairs and single electron.

Hybridisation of $P{Cl}_5$-

In $P{Cl}_5$, 5 chlorine atoms bonded to single phosphorus atom with $0$ lone pair.

Hence hybridisation of $P{Cl}_5$ is $s{p}^3{d}^2$.

Hybridisation of ${N{H}_4}^{+}$-

After N atom loses one of its electrons, one $s$ and three $p$ orbitals undergoes hybridisation.

Hence the hybridisation of ${N{H}_4}^{+}$ is $s{p}^3$.