Describe briefly the following
(a) Origin of replication
(b) Bioreactors
(c) Downstream processing
Describe briefly the following
(a) Origin of replication
(b) Bioreactors
(c) Downstream processing
(a) Origin of replication (ori) is a sequence on the chromosome, from where replication starts and any piece of DNA, when linked to this sequence, can be made to replicate within the host cells.
This sequence also controls the copy number of the linked DNA. So, if we want to recover many copies of the target DNA it should be linked to the 'Ori' site and should be cloned in a vector whose origin supports high copy number.
(b) Bioreactors are large vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products, individual enzymes, etc., using microbial, plant, animal or human cells.
A bioreactor provides the optimal conditions for achieving the desired production levels by providing optimum growth conditions of temperature, pH, substrate, salts, vitamins, oxygen, etc.
Separation, purification and formulation with suitable preservatives for product optimization are collectively referred to as downstream processing. Such formulation has to undergo through clinical trials as in case of drugs. Strict quality control testing for each product is also required which vary from product to product.
(a) Origin of replication (ori) is a sequence on the chromosome, from where replication starts and any piece of DNA, when linked to this sequence, can be made to replicate within the host cells.
This sequence also controls the copy number of the linked DNA. So, if we want to recover many copies of the target DNA it should be linked to the 'Ori' site and should be cloned in a vector whose origin supports high copy number.
(b) Bioreactors are large vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products, individual enzymes, etc., using microbial, plant, animal or human cells.
A bioreactor provides the optimal conditions for achieving the desired production levels by providing optimum growth conditions of temperature, pH, substrate, salts, vitamins, oxygen, etc.
Separation, purification and formulation with suitable preservatives for product optimization are collectively referred to as downstream processing. Such formulation has to undergo through clinical trials as in case of drugs. Strict quality control testing for each product is also required which vary from product to product.
