Describe the change in hybridisation (if any) of the Al atom in the following reaction.

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Solution

The valence orbital picture of aluminium in the ground state can be represented as:

The orbital picture of aluminium in the excited state can be represented as:

Hence, it undergoes sp² hybridization to give a trigonal planar arrangement (in AlCl₃).

To form AlCl₄^–, the empty 3p_z orbital also gets involved and the hybridization changes from sp² to sp³. As a result, the shape gets changed to tetrahedral.

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Describe the change in hybridisation (if any) of the Al atom in the following reaction.

$A l C l_{3} + C l^{-} \to A l C l_{4}^{-}$

A l

A l C l_{3} + C l^{-} \to {A l C l_{4}}^{-}

A l C l_{3} + C l^{-} \to A l C l_{4}^{-}, A l C l_{3}

A l C l_{3} + C l^{-} \to [A l C l_{4}]^{-}, A l C l_{3}

A l {C l}_{3} + {C l}^{-} ⟶ {[A l {C l}_{4}]}^{-}

A l {C l}_{3}

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