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Question
Describe the structure and function of Neuron with labelled diagram.
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Solution
Neurons are functional units of the nervous system. The neuron is divided into three main parts dendrite, cell body, and axon. Dendrite: It detects information and conducts the messages towards the cell body. Cell body: It contains a nucleus, mitochondria, and other cell organelles. It maintains the growth of the cell. Axon: It conducts messages away from the cell body and passes to the next neuron. The dendrites tend to taper and are often covered with little bumps called spines. In contrast, the axon tends to stay the same diameter for most of its length and doesn't have spines.The axon arises from the cell body at a specialized area called the axon hillock. Finally, many axons are covered with a special insulating substance called myelin, which helps them convey the nerve impulse rapidly. Myelin is never found on dendrites.Neurons are cells within the nervous system that transmit information in the form of chemical and electrical signals to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.
SynapsesNeuron-to-neuron connections are made onto the dendrites and cell bodies of other neurons. These connections, known as synapses, are the sites at which information is carried from the first neuron, the presynaptic neuron, to the target neuron (the postsynaptic neuron). The synaptic connections between neurons and skeletal muscle cells are generally called neuromuscular junctions, and the connections between neurons and smooth muscle cells or glands are known as neuroeffector junctions.At most synapses and junctions, information is transmitted in the form of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. When an action potential travels down an axon and reaches the axon terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic cell. Neurotransmitter molecules cross the synapse and bind to membrane receptors on the postsynaptic cell, conveying an excitatory or inhibitory signal.
Neurons are functional units of the nervous system. The neuron is divided into three main parts dendrite, cell body, and axon.
Dendrite: It detects information and conducts the messages towards the cell body.
Cell body: It contains a nucleus, mitochondria, and other cell organelles. It maintains the growth of the cell.
Axon: It conducts messages away from the cell body and passes to the next neuron. The dendrites tend to taper and are often covered with little bumps called spines. In contrast, the axon tends to stay the same diameter for most of its length and doesn't have spines.
The axon arises from the cell body at a specialized area called the axon hillock. Finally, many axons are covered with a special insulating substance called myelin, which helps them convey the nerve impulse rapidly. Myelin is never found on dendrites.
Neurons are cells within the nervous system that transmit information in the form of chemical and electrical signals to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.
Synapses
Neuron-to-neuron connections are made onto the dendrites and cell bodies of other neurons. These connections, known as synapses, are the sites at which information is carried from the first neuron, the presynaptic neuron, to the target neuron (the postsynaptic neuron). The synaptic connections between neurons and skeletal muscle cells are generally called neuromuscular junctions, and the connections between neurons and smooth muscle cells or glands are known as neuroeffector junctions.
At most synapses and junctions, information is transmitted in the form of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. When an action potential travels down an axon and reaches the axon terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic cell. Neurotransmitter molecules cross the synapse and bind to membrane receptors on the postsynaptic cell, conveying an excitatory or inhibitory signal.
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