Describe with the help of a diagram, how compressions and rarefactions are produced in air near a source of sound.

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Solution

When a vibrating body moves forward, it creates a region of high pressure in its vicinity. This region of high pressure is known as compressions. When it moves backward, it creates a region of low pressure in its vicinity. This region is known as a rarefaction. As the body continues to move forward and backwards, it produces a series of compressions and rarefactions. This is shown in the figure below (here C is for compression and R is for rarefaction).

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